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In spite of the use of pig breeding equipment, some diseases are unavoidable in the process of pig breeding. For example, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, hot and easily contacted infectious disease. The pathogen of FMD is FMD virus, which can infect all cloven hoofed animals. Pigs are characterized by blisters and festering of oral mucosa, nose, hoof and breast skin. The disease is highly infectious, and is spread rapidly, with high incidence rate of infection and morbidity, which can cause a large number of deaths and serious economic losses. Therefore, prevention of Swine Foot and mouth disease has become a very important work. Vaccination has become an important technical means to prevent swine foot and mouth disease.
1、 Establish scientific and reasonable immunization procedures
The large-scale pig farms are immunized according to the immunization procedures, while the scattered pigs are immunized in spring and autumn, and the new pigs should be immunized in time. If conditions permit, corresponding immunization procedures can be formulated according to the detection results of maternal antibody and immune antibody.
1. The immune procedures of large-scale pig farms and breeding pigs: piglets: at 28-35 days of age, the immune dose was half of that of adult pigs. One month after the initial immunization, the mice were immunized once every 4-6 months.
2. Immunity of scattered pigs: in spring and autumn, all susceptible animals were immunized once and supplemented regularly every month. If conditions permit, immunization can be carried out by referring to the scale of pig farms and pig breeding immunization procedures.
2、 Correct use of vaccine
1. The inactivated vaccine of FMD type O and the synthetic peptide vaccine of FMD type O, which are produced or registered with the approval of the state and supplied by the animal health supervision agencies at all levels, must be used.
2. Before use, carefully check whether the sealing of the vaccine bottle mouth and rubber cap is intact and whether the vaccine is overdue.
3. Use according to the use method and dosage required in the manual.
4. Before use, the health status of the pigs should be checked carefully to make sure that the infected pigs must be healthy and disease-free, otherwise it is easy to cause death.
5. The immune apparatus should be strictly disinfected to avoid contaminating the vaccine or causing secondary infection. Usually a pig uses a needle.
6. The vaccine should be stored in accordance with the specified storage conditions. The diluted vaccine should be used up within 4 hours. The rest of the vaccine should be boiled or burned in the fire. Do not throw it around in the pigsty.
7. It is better to use the vaccine in the morning. In the process of use, avoid sunlight and high temperature. After using, we should pay attention to observe the condition of the pig group and deal with the abnormal in time.
8. Make a good registration of the vaccine, the manufacturer, production batch number, production date, packaging specifications and injection volume and other items should be recorded clearly.
3、 Dealing with immune response in time
After vaccination, there may be a vaccine response. There are mainly two types of quick hair. The first is quick hair. The common clinical quick hair refers to the performance of the reaction speed within ten minutes to two hours. Regardless of the size and age of pigs, the fastest reaction occurs within ten minutes. It can be seen that the mouth is foaming, breathing is difficult, the conjunctiva is congested, the voice is hoarse, the skin of limbs and armpits is purple, and there are urticaria like pimples in the abdomen , limb convulsion, 1 hour or so death; the second is late hair style, generally 4-6 hours after injection do not like eating, do not love activities, there are pimples on the body, see the wall to wipe, some lasting for one or two days will naturally improve, serious eating reduced, poor spirit, lasting for 4-7 days to recover, individual death. For the immune response after vaccination, the following treatment methods should be taken:
(1) Observe after injection and leave at least 30 minutes later when there is no reaction.
(2) If the reaction is found, dexamethasone should be injected in time at the initial stage. The dose of 1 mg should be calculated according to 10 kg body weight, and the injection amount should be calculated according to the pig's body weight. Once a day, for 2 consecutive days.
(3) 0.1% adrenaline hydrochloride and paraadrenaline can be used, 5-10mg for each pig and 1-2mg for each pig.
(4) At the same time of drug injection, a large amount of glucose should be supplied, fast supplement 20, electrolysis of multidimensional drinking water to promote detoxification and excretion.
(5) 5% vitamin C powder was added to feed to activate cells and improve immunity.
4、 Monitor the immune antibody on time
After 21 days, the immune effect of pigs was monitored.
1. Detection methods: direct indirect hemagglutination test and liquid phase blocking ELISA test.
2. Determination of immune effect: if the antibody titer of positive indirect hemagglutination test of pig's type O antibody is ≥ 25, the antibody titer of liquid phase blocking ELISA is ≥ 26, the qualified rate of immune antibody of pig on hand must be ≥ 70%. When the qualified rate of immune antibody fails to meet the requirements of the regulation, the immunization should be strengthened as soon as possible.